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POLYATOMIC IONS CHEMICAL ELEMENTS:
Pure chemical elements can also refer to a substances
which cannot be further broken down into another chemical compound with different chemical properties,
which should be taken to mean it consists of atoms of one element.
Chemical elements are the fundamental materials of which all matter is composed.
The modern viewpoint is:- If a chemical substance cannot be broken down or reduced further it is then by definition, called an element.
For more information on chemical elements visit our periodic table page.
CHEMICAL FORMULA:
Chemical formula (also called molecular formula) is a concise way of expressing information about
the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. It identifies each type of
chemical element by its element symbol and identifies
the number of atoms of such element to be found in each discrete chemical
molecule of that chemical compound.
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A chemical molecule or chemical compound consists of at least two atoms that are chemically bonded together.
The chemical formula of a chemical molecule or chemical compound states how many atoms of each of the elements are in
one of its chemical molecular structure. This chemical formula is similar to an algebraic formula in its use of mathematical symbols.
This description of a chemical compound with numbers and symbols is called the chemical formula.
Some chemical formulas can be quite complex. |
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Chemical formula for Polyatomic Ions
Below are the
chemical formulas for Polyatomic
ions which are electrically charges collections of two or more atoms, chemical
formula show Polyatomic ions
usually have a charge because the collection of atoms has either gained an extra
electron or else it has lost an electron in a chemical reaction. Most of the common inorganic
polyatomic ions have negative charges. This means the ion has more electrons
than the neutral atoms that are in the ion. Polyatomic ions like phosphate, PO43-
has three extra electrons beyond the electrons on the P and O atoms. The extra
electrons are shared by all the atoms in the polyatomic ion. These electrons are
sort of smeared around the atoms in the ion. If you count up the valence
electrons in the phosphate ion you will see there are 32 electrons. The neutral
P and O atoms originally had only 29 valence electrons. The negative charge is
due to the extra three electrons that came from some outside source like metal
atoms that formed cations. The charge is written outside the brackets to
indicate the charge is spread on the polyatomic ions as a whole.
Atomic chemical formula for
Polyatomic Ions:
| acetate |
C2H3O2
1- |
| ammonium |
NH41+ |
| arsenate |
AsO43-
|
| azide |
N31-
| | bicarbonate
(hydrogen carbonate) |
HCO31-
|
| bisulfate
(hydrogen sulfate) |
HSO41-
|
| borate |
BO33-
|
| bromate |
BrO31-
|
| carbonate |
CO32-
|
| chlorate |
ClO31-
|
| chromate |
CrO42-
|
| cyanate |
OCN1-
|
| cyanide |
CN1-
| | dichromate |
Cr2O72-
|
| dihydrogen
phosphate |
H2PO41-
|
| ferricyanide |
Fe(CN)63-
|
| ferrocyanide |
Fe(CN)64-
|
| formate |
CHO21-
|
| hydrogen
carbonate (bicarbonate) |
HCO31-
|
| hydrogen
sulfate(bisulfate) |
HSO41-
|
| hydroxide |
OH1-
|
| iodate |
IO31-
|
| manganate** |
MnO42-
|
| metasilicate |
SiO32-
|
| molybdate |
MoO42-
|
| monohydrogen
phosphate |
HPO42-
|
| nitrate |
NO31-
|
| oxalate |
C2O42-
|
| permanganate** |
MnO41-
|
| phosphate |
PO43-
|
| phthalate |
C8H4O42-
|
| selenate |
SeO42-
|
| silicate |
SiO44-
|
| sulfate |
SO42-
|
| tartrate |
C4H4O62-
|
| thiocyanate |
SCN1-
|
| thiosulfate |
S2O32-
|
| tungstate |
WO42-
|
** Polyatomic ions - Exception to prefix rules **
NOTE:
-ite
ending means one less oxygen than
the -ate form
Atomic chemical formulas and chemical
reaction for Polyatomic
Ions:
Polyatomic
ions usually have what is called a "central" atom. This is what it
says. The central atom is physically in the middle of the ion. The other atoms
are attached to the central atom. Normally the oxygen atoms are attached to the
central atom and radiate out like spokes. Hydrogens are attached to the oxygens.
The hydrogens are "terminal" atoms far from the central atom. The
oxygens act as a bridge between the central atoms and the hydrogens. This will
be seen later when you study acids like HNO3 or H2SO4.
Here are ball and stick models for phosphoric acid, H3PO4,
and phosphorus acid, H3PO3. Notice the exception to the
generalization that says hydrogen atoms are attached to the oxygens.
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